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30 JULY 2021
REFERENCE

COMMON ACRONYMS
..

COMMON STANDARDS OF PRACTICE
  1. American Chemical Society (ACS) style
  2. IEEE Style
  3. American Psychological Association (APA) style
  4. Modern Language Association (MLA) style
  5. BS1629 (1989)

DEFINITION
A reference to an author or an article or journal is provided in a document to show your reader that you've done proper research by listing sources you used to get your information. On the other hand, Bibliography is the list of background material you have read for your work, but may not have used directly or quoted in your document.

WHY
A reference gives credit to other researchers and acknowledges their ideas. It also shows that you are not plagiarising by quoting words and ideas created by other authors.

WHEN
References are needed in your document for all material which you have directly referred to or quoted from.

HOW
References are listed in the Reference section, in alphabetical order of author's last name.

Books are referenced as folows:
Author's last name, initial(s) or first name(s), (ed) if he/she is the editor rather than the author, date of publication, title of book, place of publication (optional), name of publisher, edition number.

Journal articles are referenced as follows:
Author's last name, initial(s) or first name(s), date of publication, title of article, title of journal, details of journal, month, volume, part, pages, etc

Internet sites/ URLs are referenced with no established rules. It may not be possible to identify a specific author but it is usually possible to identify the 'authoring organisation'. The date the web pages were accessed is shown in square brackets.

Some examples are given below;

American Chemical Society (ACS) style:
Langer, R. New Methods of Drug Delivery. Science 1990, 249, 1527-1533.

IEEE Style:
R. Langer, "New Methods of Drug Delivery," Science, vol. 249, pp. 1527-1533, SEP 28, 1990.

American Psychological Association (APA) style:
Langer, R. (1990). New methods of drug delivery. Science, 249(4976), 1527-1533.

Modern Language Association (MLA) style:
Langer, R. "New Methods of Drug Delivery." Science 249.4976 (1990): 1527-33.

FALLA, Rob (1998), The Future of Forms, Web Review, [24 April 1998], URL: http://webreview/wr/pub/98/04/24/feature/index.html
School of Computing and IT, University of Wolverhampton (1998), UK Sensitive Maps, [27 January 1998], URL: http://www.scit.wlv.ac.uk/ukinfo/uk.map.html

  
SOHELMUGAL ON WEB
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